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One questions I hear all of the time from poker players new to Texas Hold'em is 'what is a kicker and when does it count?'. At first, it can be quite a confusing concept to wrap your head around but once you have an understanding of what a kicker is, it's actually quite simple.

Here is the definition:

1. It went on to win money in matches with five human players (taken from a rotating cast of 15 poker professionals who have each won at least $1 million in tournaments) versus one AI over 10,000.
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One key point to keep in mind is that the best 5-card hand wins in poker. Winners are usually determined from the rank of a hand (e.g. Flush vs full house or Ace-high flush versus King-high flush) but when both players hold the same hand rank, a kicker must come into play to separate the winners from the losers by making a 5-card hand. High Card Poker was canceled 'due to the potential for players to misunderstand the game's win scenarios as stated on the back of tickets,' lottery officials said in a statement.

A kicker is a card in poker that decides the winner if two or more players are tied with the same hand rank. E.g. a player with AK will outkick an opponent's AQ on a AJ932 board. Both players have a pair but AK has the better 5-card hand of AAKJ9 vs AAQJ9 where the K/Q, J, and 9 count as kickers.

One key point to keep in mind is that the best 5-card hand wins in poker. Winners are usually determined from the rank of a hand (e.g. flush vs full house or Ace-high flush versus King-high flush) but when both players hold the same hand rank, a kicker must come into play to separate the winners from the losers by making a 5-card hand.

So you might be wondering who wins in this scenario:

Well think about it for a minute, and then if you can't work it out, have a read of the list below.

Table Of Contents

• How To Determine When A Kicker Play

How To Determine When A Kicker Play

Here is a list of the hands in poker and how/if a kicker is played:

High card:

A high card plays when neither player has a pair or better. When both players have a high card, all cards can be counted as a kicker. Take your two hole cards and five community cards, then start with the highest-ranking card and compare to your opponent while ignoring the two weakest cards of the 7 total.

An example of where a high card kicker plays:

• Your hand: A♠ 9♣
• Your opponent's hand: A♥ 5♠
• The community cards: K♥ Q♣ 8♦ 2♠ 3♠
• Your best 5 cards: A♠ K♥ Q ♣ 9♣ 8♦
• His best 5 cards: A♥ K♥ Q♣ 8♦ 5 ♠

We ignore the 3♠ and the 2♠ on the board since they are lower than the other 5 cards.

And now, let's take this situation where one of your kickers doesn't play:

• Your hand: A♣ 7♠
• Opponents hand: A♥ 5♥
• The community cards: K♦ Q♦ 9 ♣ 8♥ 3♣
• Your best 5 cards: A♣ K♦ Q♦ 9 ♣ 8♥
• Hist best 5 cards: A♥ K♦ Q♦ 9 ♣ 8♥

I.e. the 5♥ and the 7♠ are both lower than the other 5 cards on the board and therefore the pot is split.

One pair:

With one pair a kicker is used when your second card is better than your opponent and the remaining cards on the board.

• Your hand: A♥ K♥
• Opponents hand: A♦ Q♣
• The community cards: A♣ T♦ 7♠ 5♠ 2 ♦
• Your best 5 cards: A♥ A♣ K♥ T♦ 7♠
• Hist best 5 cards: A♦ A♣ Q♣ T♦ 7♠

In this case, you have your opponent out kicked with the hand of a pair of Aces with King kicker vs a pair of Aces with a Queen kicker.

Two pair

A single card kicker plays with two pair only when you do not make two pair with both of your hole cards. For example:

• Your hand: A♥ K♥
• Opponents hand: A♦ Q♣
• The community cards: A♣ T♦ 7♠ 5♠ 5♦
• Your best 5 cards: A♥ A♣ 5♠ 5♦ K♥
• Hist best 5 cards: A♦A♣ 5♠ 5♦ Q♣

The pot will be split if both players have the same two pair using both their hole cards.

Two pair winners are determined by first determining the best highest-ranked pair between you and your opponent, and then if these are the same, you compare the 2nd pair.

Can you now work out the example we gave in the introduction? Here is broken down:

• Your hand: A♣ 2♦
• Opponents hand: A♦ 7♠
• The community cards: A♥ 9♥ 9♣ J♦4♣
• Your best 5 cards: A♣ A♥ 9♥ 9♣ J♦
• Hist best 5 cards: A♦ A♥ 9♥ 9♣ J♦

Therefore the pot will be split since neither the 7♠ nor the 2♦ are played and both players have the same hand.

Three of a kind:

A kicker with three of a kind is determined in the same way as one pair. If you have AK on an AA752 board, vs AQ you will have the best 5 cards with AAAK7 vs AAAQ7.

• Your hand: A♥ K♥
• Opponents hand: A♦ Q♣
• The community cards: A♣ A♠ 7♠ 5♥2♦
• Your best 5 cards: A♥A♣ A♠ K♥ 7♠
• Hist best 5 cards: A♦ A♣ A♠ Q♣ 7♠

You have the best five cards in this scenario because the K♥ plays after the three Aces.

Note the difference between an ordinary 3 of a kind and a set – a set is when you make three you of a kind using the two hole cards whereas an ordinary three of a kind is when you have three of the same card using only one of your hole cards.

Take this example of having 99 on an A9642 board, you have three of a kind (or set) on this board but it's impossible for anyone else to also have 99.

With one pair a kicker is used when your second card is better than your opponent and the remaining cards on the board.

• Your hand: A♥ K♥
• Opponents hand: A♦ Q♣
• The community cards: A♣ T♦ 7♠ 5♠ 2 ♦
• Your best 5 cards: A♥ A♣ K♥ T♦ 7♠
• Hist best 5 cards: A♦ A♣ Q♣ T♦ 7♠

In this case, you have your opponent out kicked with the hand of a pair of Aces with King kicker vs a pair of Aces with a Queen kicker.

Two pair

A single card kicker plays with two pair only when you do not make two pair with both of your hole cards. For example:

• Your hand: A♥ K♥
• Opponents hand: A♦ Q♣
• The community cards: A♣ T♦ 7♠ 5♠ 5♦
• Your best 5 cards: A♥ A♣ 5♠ 5♦ K♥
• Hist best 5 cards: A♦A♣ 5♠ 5♦ Q♣

The pot will be split if both players have the same two pair using both their hole cards.

Two pair winners are determined by first determining the best highest-ranked pair between you and your opponent, and then if these are the same, you compare the 2nd pair.

Can you now work out the example we gave in the introduction? Here is broken down:

• Your hand: A♣ 2♦
• Opponents hand: A♦ 7♠
• The community cards: A♥ 9♥ 9♣ J♦4♣
• Your best 5 cards: A♣ A♥ 9♥ 9♣ J♦
• Hist best 5 cards: A♦ A♥ 9♥ 9♣ J♦

Therefore the pot will be split since neither the 7♠ nor the 2♦ are played and both players have the same hand.

Three of a kind:

A kicker with three of a kind is determined in the same way as one pair. If you have AK on an AA752 board, vs AQ you will have the best 5 cards with AAAK7 vs AAAQ7.

• Your hand: A♥ K♥
• Opponents hand: A♦ Q♣
• The community cards: A♣ A♠ 7♠ 5♥2♦
• Your best 5 cards: A♥A♣ A♠ K♥ 7♠
• Hist best 5 cards: A♦ A♣ A♠ Q♣ 7♠

You have the best five cards in this scenario because the K♥ plays after the three Aces.

Note the difference between an ordinary 3 of a kind and a set – a set is when you make three you of a kind using the two hole cards whereas an ordinary three of a kind is when you have three of the same card using only one of your hole cards.

Take this example of having 99 on an A9642 board, you have three of a kind (or set) on this board but it's impossible for anyone else to also have 99.

So there are no kickers when you have a set, because it's impossible for your opponent to have three cards of the same rank, but a kicker can count for an ordinary three of a kind where only one card is used from your hole cards.

Straight:

There is no kicker with a straight because a straight is made using 5 cards.

Flush:

Similar to a straight, there can be no kickers with flushes as these hands require the 5 cards to be used.

Full house:

There are no kickers with a full house. Hands are ranked in a similar way to two pair.

Firstly, the best three of a kind is the winner, if both players have the same three of a kind, the best pair wins. Morongo casino age limit to gamble slots. If both players have the same three of a kind and pair, the hand will always be split.

Four of a kind:

A kicker does not play with a four of a kind (quads) unless the four of a kind is on the board.

• Your hand: A♥ 5♠
• Opponents hand: K♦ J♦
• The community cards: Q♥ Q♦Q♠ Q♣ 4♦
• Your best 5 cards: Q♥ Q♦Q♠ Q♣ A♥
• His best 5 cards: Q♥ Q♦Q♠ Q♣ K♦

You will win this hand as your Ace kicker players after the four Queens.

Straight flush/Royal Flush:

Similar to a straight and flush, kickers do not play as a straight or royal flush require 5 cards.

Here is a summary of when kickers do and don't count in poker:

When A Kicker Doesn't Play

We already mentioned when a kicker doesn't play e.g. in a straight, flush or full house. However, a kicker also won't decide the winner when you and your opponent has the same hand e.g. A5 vs A5.

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A kicker also doesn't decide the best hand when there are better kickers already on the board.

For example, if you have A4 and your opponent has A3 on an AK762 board, the best 5 cards for both opponents is AAK76 and the kicker won't be included in the hand. Therefore, the pot will be split between the two players despite us having a better hole card than our opponent.

Kickers can also be counterfeited. If you have a hand of A5 on a AQT2 board, any card higher than a 5 on the river will mean that your kicker has been counterfeited and won't play. E.g. if the river was a 7 the best 5 cards would be AAQT7.

When Is A Kicker Important?

A kicker most often comes into play when you have a high card or single pair.

However, the best hand you can get with a kicker is AK, because if your opponent has an Ace or King in their hand, you will have them outkicked and you will be a big favourite to win the hand (roughly 75% favourite).

AK always makes top pair top kicker which is the best one pair hand you can make.

Since players most often play high-rank hands, kickers are most important when you have a high card. This is why it is not advisable to play weak ace hands (e.g. A2 or A3) very often (see poker position).

A2 will make top pair bottom kicker on an ace-high board (e.g. AQ753) and is a significantly weaker hand than top pair top kicker.

If you do happen to have top pair bottom kicker on an ace-high board, it is quite likely that you could be facing another ace with a better kicker (or better) if a lot of money goes into the pot.

Being outkicked is one the common poker mistakes I recommend watching out for, so make sure you carefully consider your kicker the next time you are on the table!

Related questions

Do suits matter when counting kickers?

Kickers do not depend on suits and suits should not be considered when determining the winner of the hand except when a flush is possible.

Does kicker matter in 3 of a kind?

Yes, a kicker will be counted with 3 of a kind in the same way that it would be for a single pair.

Does the kicker matter in a straight or flush?

No, a kicker does not matter in a straight or flush as the best 5-card hand is made up of the 5 flush or straight cards. In this case, you can resort to who has the highest straight or flush.

During a 2017 casino tournament, a poker-playing program called Libratus deftly defeated four professional players in 120,000 hands of two-player poker. But the program's co-creator, Tuomas Sandholm, did not believe artificial intelligence could achieve a similar performance against a greater number of players.

Two years later, he has proved himself wrong. Sandholm has co-created an AI program called Pluribus, which can consistently defeat human experts in six-player matches of no-limit Texas Hold'em poker. 'I never would have imagined we would reach this in my lifetime,' says Sandholm, a professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University.

Past AI victories over humans have involved two-player or two-team games such as checkers, chess, Go and two-player no-limit poker. All of these games are zero-sum—they have just one winning side and one losing side. But six-player poker comes much closer to resembling real-life situations in which one party must make decisions without knowing about multiple opponents' decision-making processes and resources. 'This is the first major benchmark that is not two-player or two-team zero-sum games,' says Noam Brown, a research scientist at Facebook AI Research and co-creator of Pluribus. 'For the first time, we're going beyond that paradigm and showing AI can do well even in a general setting.'

The Pluribus program first proved its worth by playing profitably in six-player games that pitted just one human against five independent versions of Pluribus. It went on to win money in matches with five human players (taken from a rotating cast of 15 poker professionals who have each won at least $1 million in tournaments) versus one AI over 10,000 hands of poker and 12 days of games. These successes are detailed in a paper published this week in Science. Although Pluribus did not reach a win rate quite as high as Libratus or another two-player poker program called DeepStack, it still notched a very respectable win rate. 'When the bot was sitting down with humans, it was making a lot of money,' Brown says. 'I would certainly characterize that as a superhuman performance.'

'Though there was already evidence that the techniques that conquered two-player poker worked pretty well in three-player environments, it was not clear they would suffice to reach the highest professional level of play,' says Michael Wellman, a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Michigan, who was not involved in the study. 'It is really news that this worked so effectively for six-player poker. This is a pretty big deal—certainly a notable milestone.'

To reach this level, Pluribus—like its predecessor Libratus—first played against itself over many simulated hands of poker, developing a strategy blueprint. The big breakthrough that let it tackle six-player poker came from its 'depth-limited search feature.' That component allows the AI to look ahead several moves and figure out a better strategy for the rest of the game, based on possible opponent decisions. Many other poker-playing programs have used similar search features, but doing so with six players would require an impractical amount of computing memory: there are too many scenarios to simulate, based on what cards each player holds, what each believes the other players to have and all the betting decisions that follow. Libratus got around this bottleneck by only using searches in the final two (out of four) betting rounds—but that solution still required the use of 100 central processing units (CPUs) in a game with only two players.

So Pluribus instead deployed its depth-limited search. With this technique, the AI first considers how it and its opponents might play for the next few moves. Beyond that point, it simplifies its model by restricting each simulated player's choices to only four strategies: the precomputed blueprint, one biased toward folding, another biased toward calling and a fourth biased toward raising. This modified search helps explain why Pluribus's success in six-player poker required relatively minimal computing resources and memory in comparison with past superhuman achievements in gaming AIs. Specifically, during live poker play, Pluribus ran on a machine with just two central CPUs and 128 gigabytes of memory. 'It's amazing this can be done at all, and second, that it can be done with no [graphics processing units] and no extreme hardware,' Sandholm says. By comparison, DeepMind's famous AlphaGo program used 1,920 CPUs and 280 GPUs during its 2016 matches against top professional Go player Lee Sedol.

Carnegie Mellon University and Facebook plan to make the Pluribus pseudo code—a detailed explanation of each necessary step in the program—available alongside the published paper, so that other AI researchers can generally reproduce their efforts. But the team decided not to release the actual code; this would likely facilitate the spread of superhuman poker-playing programs, which could be extremely disruptive to the online poker community and industry. Even without the code, though, humans can start learning from the AI's strategies. For example, professional poker players usually consider it a mistake to make a 'donk bet'—starting a round by betting aggressively after having ended the previous round by nonaggressively matching an existing bet. But Pluribus ended up using this technique much more frequently.

Beyond poker, this AI could potentially find applications in any situation when a person must make decisions without complete knowledge of what other parties might be thinking or doing. Such areas could include cybersecurity, financial trading, business negotiations and competitive price setting. Sandholm says the AI could even help in the party primaries for the 2020 U.S. presidential election: candidates competing in a packed field could theoretically benefit from AI suggestions on spending just enough advertising money to win in key states, making the most of a limited war chest. Sandholm has founded three start-ups, including the companies Strategic Machine and Strategy Robot, that might incorporate this multiplayer AI into the services they offer to business and military clients.

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For its part, Facebook does not have immediate plans for exploiting the poker-specific Pluribus. But Brown plans to further explore how AI performs in more complex multiplayer scenarios that go beyond card games. 'We're going to close the books on poker now, because this was the final milestone,' Brown says. 'Now we're looking to extend this beyond poker.'